Skip to main content
Centropa
Support Centropa
Main navigation
About
News
About Centropa
Who We Are
Programs & Projects
Internship Program
Our Partners
Our Supporters
Legal Documents
The Archive
The Centropa Archive
Biography search
Photo search
Map search
Education
Education overview
Exhibitions
Lesson plans
Student projects
Thematic Websites
Films
All Films
Films by Region
Films by Topic
Greatest Hits
Culture
Audiowalks
Graphic Novel
Books
Publications
Podcast
Events
en
de
hu
Other languages
Breadcrumb
Home
Photo search
About the Centropa Archive
Share
Copied to clipboard
Language filter
English
All languages
Country
Australia (6)
Austria (29)
Azerbaijan (1)
Belarus (15)
Belgium (4)
Bosnia and Herzegovina (12)
Brazil (1)
Bulgaria (406)
Canada (11)
China (3)
Croatia (49)
Cuba (1)
Czechia (223)
Egypt (1)
Estonia (91)
Finland (1)
France (23)
Georgia (2)
Germany (47)
Greece (74)
Hungary (245)
India (1)
Israel (162)
Italy (29)
Japan (1)
Kazakhstan (5)
Kenya (2)
Latvia (58)
Lithuania (63)
Mexico (4)
Moldova (47)
Montenegro (2)
Netherlands (4)
North Korea (2)
North Macedonia (11)
Poland (312)
Romania (280)
Russia (224)
Serbia (76)
Slovakia (241)
Slovenia (5)
South Africa (1)
Spain (1)
Sweden (1)
Switzerland (5)
Turkey (126)
Turkmenistan (2)
Ukraine (308)
United Kingdom (10)
Unknown (2)
USA (23)
City
- None -
abano (1)
abant (1)
abbazia (2)
adana (1)
adiliget (2)
agard (2)
aghiresu (1)
agigea (1)
akko (1)
aknasugatag (1)
aknaszlatina (1)
alma-ata (4)
along the danube (1)
alps (2)
alushta (3)
amsterdam (3)
ananiev (1)
anapa (4)
ankara (2)
arad (2)
arkhangelsk (1)
artek (1)
ashdod (1)
ashgabat (1)
ashkelon (2)
athens (15)
auschwitz (2)
avignon (2)
bacau (1)
bachow (4)
bachow (1)
backa vineyard near subotica (1)
bad buckow (4)
baia mare (6)
baile bradu (1)
baile herculane spa (1)
baile tusnad (1)
bakhchar (1)
baku (1)
balassagyarmat (2)
balaton (3)
balatonberény (1)
balatonlelle (4)
balatonszárszó (1)
balatonszéplak (1)
balchik (1)
balikesir (3)
balkan mountain, vola peak (1)
banja luka (2)
banks of the balaton (1)
bankya (8)
banovce nad bebravou (2)
banska bystrica (1)
barmen (2)
basel (2)
batak lake in the rhodope moutains (1)
bat yam (5)
beit lehem (2)
beit lehem hagalilith (2)
bélapátfalva (1)
belgrade (17)
beli briag (1)
beliu (1)
belovo (1)
belzec (1)
bendery (1)
berdyansk (1)
beregszász (1)
berehovo (1)
berezowica wielka (1)
berkovitsa (3)
berkovitsa (1)
berlin (9)
ber sheva (2)
bet alfa (1)
bethlehem (1)
bethlen (1)
betlanovce (2)
bialogon (1)
bialystok (2)
bicaz (2)
bielsko (2)
birzai (1)
bistritsa (1)
bitola (4)
black sea coast (2)
blagoveschensk (1)
bochnia (1)
bodzentyn (1)
bologna (1)
bologoye (6)
borisov (1)
borovets (2)
borovichi (1)
borszék (2)
botosani (10)
bourgas (3)
boyana (1)
boykovo (2)
bozhurishte (1)
bozi dar (1)
braila (3)
brandys nad labem (3)
brandys nad orlici (1)
brasov (19)
bratislava (45)
brest (1)
brezi (1)
breznica (3)
brezova u svitavy (1)
briceni (1)
brighton (1)
brno (17)
bronziany (1)
brussels (2)
bucecea (1)
bucharest (29)
buchenwald (1)
budaki (1)
budapest (125)
buffalo (1)
bugaz (2)
bukovno near jihlava (1)
burgazada (1)
bursa (1)
busko zdroj (4)
buteni (1)
buyukada (1)
byala (1)
bysice (1)
bystra (2)
caeserea (1)
cakovec (3)
calimanesti (2)
canakkale (1)
cannes (1)
cape town (1)
capri (1)
carei (4)
carigrad (2)
carpathian mountains (1)
caslav (2)
caucasus (1)
cece (1)
celkovice (2)
cervena recice (2)
cesky krumlov (2)
cheile bicazului (1)
chemnitz (1)
chepino (3)
cherche (1)
chernigov (4)
chernomorets (1)
chernovtsy (27)
chicago (2)
chopok (2)
chylice (3)
cibuz (1)
ciechocinek (1)
cieplice (2)
cierna hora (1)
cimelice (3)
cluj napoca (28)
cockley cley (1)
constanta (1)
covasna (2)
crikvenica (2)
crimea (3)
csepel (1)
czestochowa (1)
dabrowka (2)
danube river (2)
datca (1)
daugavpils (2)
davis (1)
dej (5)
delft (1)
den haag (1)
des (1)
deva (2)
dimitrovgrad (1)
dobroye (1)
dobsinska masa (1)
dolenska (1)
dolgoye pole (1)
dolne chlebany (1)
dolne slazany (1)
domazlice (1)
dombroveni (1)
dorohoi (7)
doubravice u teplic (1)
dragobych (2)
drasnice (1)
drogitchyn (1)
druskeninkaite (1)
druskininkai (1)
dubi (3)
dubí (1)
dubrovnik (4)
dunajec river (1)
dupnitsa (12)
duszniki zdroj (1)
dzierżoniów (10)
dzierzoniow (6)
dzisna (2)
eforie (2)
eger (9)
egeres (1)
egergyöngyös (1)
eilat (4)
ein hahoresh (1)
elbow falls near bragg creek (1)
elovaysk station (1)
elva (1)
eretria (1)
essentuki (2)
esztergom (1)
evpatoria (1)
falencia (1)
falenica (2)
falesti (1)
farm near to sombor (1)
felpéc (3)
felsőszeli (1)
fiume (1)
fizesul gherlei (2)
florina (3)
focsani (4)
frankfurt am main (2)
french alps (1)
gagry (2)
gaisin (1)
galanta (3)
galati (1)
galyateto (1)
gatchina (1)
gav jam (1)
geneva (3)
genezaret lake (1)
gerolstein (1)
gherla (3)
giraltovce (2)
givat adah (1)
glasgow (2)
glowno (1)
gocek (1)
göd (3)
gödöllő (1)
gomel (3)
gopri (1)
gora kalwaria (5)
gorna banya (1)
gorna dzhumaya (1)
govora (2)
gracanica (1)
gurzuf (1)
gyoma (1)
gyömrő (1)
győr (2)
haapsala (1)
haapsalu (3)
hadera (3)
haifa (11)
halmeu (4)
hamburg (1)
hanesti (1)
hannover (1)
harbin (1)
harkány (1)
harrachov (1)
haskovo (1)
heiligendamm (1)
helsinki (2)
herceg novi (2)
herlány (1)
heybeliada (1)
hisar (1)
hlohovec (2)
hlubocky (1)
hlyboka (1)
holic (10)
holon (2)
horány (1)
horna poruba (1)
hornberg (1)
horny slavkov (1)
horodenka (1)
hostimice u prahy (1)
hrebienok (1)
huszt (1)
hűvösvölgy (1)
hvar (1)
iacobeni (1)
iasi (9)
ilintsy (1)
ilk (1)
ipati (1)
irpen (1)
ischl (1)
issyk-ata (1)
istanbul (105)
izhevsk (1)
izvorul crisului (1)
jaffa (2)
janomerice (1)
jaremcze (1)
jaslo (1)
jerusalem (21)
jerusalem (1)
jesolo (1)
jevany (1)
jihlava (1)
jonava (6)
jordanow (2)
jurata (1)
jurbarkas (8)
jurmala (1)
kabardinskaya (1)
kacin (1)
kaliningrad (1)
kallosemjen (2)
kalngale (1)
kamenets-podolsk (1)
kamenice (2)
kaminsk near radomsko (1)
kamzik (1)
karczowka (3)
karlovy vary (8)
karlsbad (8)
karnobat (8)
karpachi (2)
kartashevka (1)
katowice (6)
kaunas (13)
kazanlak (5)
kazimierz (16)
kemery (2)
khabarovsk (1)
kharkov (10)
khost (1)
khotin (2)
khust (2)
kibbutz givat hayim (1)
kielce (17)
kiev (106)
kirovograd (1)
kiryat yearim (1)
kiselyovsk (1)
kish (1)
kishinev (37)
kishinev (1)
kiskőrös (3)
kislovodsk (7)
kiustendil (3)
kleptuza, chepino (1)
klyntsy bryanskaya oblast (1)
kobiele wielkie (1)
kohtla-jarve (1)
kokosova (1)
kolobrzeg (1)
kolozs bath (1)
kolozsvar (12)
koltushi (1)
kolumna (1)
komarov (1)
königsberg (1)
kopaygorod (1)
korkino (1)
korsoun (1)
koryshkov (1)
korzew (1)
kosice (3)
kostenets (1)
kovachevtsi (1)
kovel (2)
kozani (1)
krakow (21)
krakow (1)
kraslava (1)
kraszew (1)
krikovo (1)
krivoklat (1)
krkonose (1)
krkonose mountains (1)
kruppendorf (1)
krynica (1)
kurort (1)
kursk (1)
kutna hora (1)
kuzguncuk (1)
kyustendil (6)
lake balaton (2)
lake como (1)
lake kineret (1)
legnica (4)
leningrad (33)
leningrad region (2)
levice (1)
libverda (1)
liepaja (2)
lipik (2)
lipovce (2)
lipovets (2)
liptovsky mikulas (5)
litomysl (6)
liustdorf (1)
llanwrtyd wells (1)
lod (1)
lodz (21)
lom (1)
lomnický stit (1)
london (4)
lonea (1)
lopud (1)
los angeles (2)
losice (4)
lounovice (1)
loutraki (3)
lublin (1)
lubna (1)
lucenec (6)
ludza (2)
lugansk (1)
luhacovice (5)
lukovit (1)
luksiai (1)
luze (2)
lvov (10)
lwow (3)
lysa-cergov (1)
lyubimets (1)
ma'abarot (1)
magen kibbutz (1)
maglód (1)
magnitogorsk (1)
makarska (3)
makeevka (1)
makov (1)
malinovo brdo (1)
maramarossziget (3)
marianske lazne (4)
marienbad (3)
mariupol (1)
marmaris (1)
maros valley (1)
marosvasarhely (1)
marosvasarhely (targu mures) (3)
masada (1)
mátrafüred (1)
matra mountain (1)
mátyásföld (10)
maxov (2)
mazury region (1)
megyesegyháza (2)
meran (1)
mexico city (2)
mezőtúr (1)
michalin (1)
michalovce (5)
miedzeszyn (4)
miedzyzdroje (2)
mielnica podolska (2)
miercurea ciuc (1)
mikhailovskoye (1)
milan (3)
miniralnie vodi (1)
minneapolis (1)
minsk (1)
miskhor (1)
miskolc (2)
mocenok (1)
mocow (1)
mogilyov-podolskiy (2)
mohelno (1)
mohilev-podolsk (1)
mokropsy (3)
mombasa (1)
momin prohod (2)
montreal (4)
moscow (69)
mosonmagyaróvár (1)
mount olympus (1)
movila (1)
mszczonow (1)
mugla (1)
mukachevo (16)
munich (4)
muranska lehota (1)
muránska lehota (1)
murska sobota (1)
musala (1)
musina (1)
muszyna (1)
muzslatető (1)
nadìjkov (1)
nagybanya (1)
nagybánya (1)
nagykanizsa (2)
nagykaroly (1)
nagykata (4)
nagykőrös (4)
nagymaros (1)
nagyvarad (3)
nagyvillám (1)
nairobi (1)
narva (2)
narva joesuu (1)
nazareth (1)
near bezdan (2)
near bratislava (1)
near dupnitsa (1)
near hanover (1)
near kielce (3)
near leningrad (2)
near minsk (1)
near moscow (1)
near prague (2)
near pustoska (1)
near riga (1)
near siverskaya (1)
near sliven (4)
near sofia (4)
near sombor (8)
near thessaloniki (1)
near tuapse (1)
near zagreb (1)
near zilina (1)
nemirov (1)
nerchinsk (2)
netanya (6)
new york (7)
new york area (1)
niagara falls (1)
nice (2)
ninco (1)
nitra (3)
novaky (1)
nova ves nad nisou (2)
nove mesto nad vahom (1)
novi sad (4)
novograd-volynskiy (1)
novorzhev, pskov province (1)
novosibirsk (1)
novostav (1)
novy afon (2)
nowe brzesko (1)
nuremberg (1)
nyírbátor (1)
nyrob (2)
odessa (37)
odorheiu secuiesc (1)
ohio state (1)
oliwa (1)
olszewo (1)
on the banks of the rhine (1)
on the danube at szentendre (1)
on the railway road pernik (1)
on the road to delphi (1)
opatija (16)
oplenac (1)
oradea (7)
oratovo (1)
orhei (1)
orlow (1)
orpington (1)
orsha (2)
otepää (1)
otwock (1)
óvár (1)
ozarintsy (1)
paderborn (2)
palanga (9)
palic (1)
panagyurishte (2)
pardes hanna (1)
paris (13)
pazardzhik (9)
pelion (1)
pernik-voluyak (1)
pervomayskoye village (1)
petah tikva (3)
peterhof (2)
petresti (1)
petrograd (4)
petrohan (2)
petrosani (2)
philadelphia (1)
piarnu (2)
piatra neamt (1)
piestany (8)
pieszyce (4)
pilisvörösvár (1)
pilviskiai (5)
pirin mountain (2)
pleven (2)
plovdiv (18)
pobierowo (1)
podebrady (2)
poiana tapului (2)
pokol lake (1)
polotsk (1)
poltava (1)
portaria (1)
port arthur (1)
postyen (1)
potstejn (1)
poznan (1)
prague (78)
predeal (1)
prein (4)
prelog (1)
presov (26)
presov region (1)
prievidza (7)
prijepolje (1)
primorsk (2)
pristina (13)
prostejov (6)
prostějov (2)
przedecz (1)
przemysl (2)
przybyszowka (1)
pukanec (2)
puscha-voditsa (1)
putnok (2)
pyongyang (2)
rabka (2)
radhost (1)
radisovice (1)
radomsko (2)
radosovice (2)
radovljica (1)
radvanice (2)
radzivillov (1)
rajsko (2)
rakitovo (2)
rákoscsaba (3)
rakvere (3)
ramat gan (1)
ramat hagalon (1)
ramla (1)
rau de mori (1)
ravensbrück (1)
reghin (2)
rehovot (1)
resita (1)
retezat (1)
rezina (1)
rhodope mountains (3)
ribaritsa village (1)
riga (41)
rila mountain (5)
rishon lezion (3)
rogachev (2)
rome (2)
romhany (3)
rosh haniqra (1)
rousse (1)
rovin (1)
rovno (2)
roznava (1)
roztoky (1)
rügen (3)
ruse (18)
ruzomberok (3)
rybnitsa (1)
rzhischev (1)
saaremaa (1)
sadska (2)
sakhalin (1)
sakiai (1)
san francisco (3)
sangeorz bai (1)
san remo (1)
sanski most (3)
sao paolo (1)
sapareva banya resort (1)
sarajevo (4)
saratov (1)
saris castle (1)
sátoraljaújhely (1)
saulkraste (1)
schwerin (1)
schwerte (2)
sderot (1)
sebis (3)
second from left (1)
sedlice (1)
seesen (3)
sela (1)
semmering (1)
senta (4)
separeva banya (1)
sestroretsk (2)
sestroretsk (1)
sevastopol (1)
seville (1)
sfantu gheorghe (2)
shanghai (2)
shimkayche (1)
shivanda (1)
shpili village (1)
shumen (11)
siauliai (4)
sibiu (4)
sighetu marmatiei (1)
sigulda (1)
simleul silvaniei (1)
simleu silvaniei (1)
sinagovtsi (1)
sinaia (2)
siófok (5)
sivek mountain (1)
skopje (5)
skryhiczyn (7)
skvyra (2)
slanic (2)
slano (1)
slavianogorsk (1)
slavonska pozega (1)
sledyuki village, bykhov district (1)
slepcany (1)
sliac (1)
sliven (8)
slutsk (2)
smilovichi (1)
smokowiec (1)
sobesin (1)
sochi (4)
sofia (156)
soltvadkert (1)
sombor (7)
soporu de jos (1)
sopot (1)
sopron (2)
sorento (1)
sozopol (1)
spala (3)
spindleruv mlyn (2)
split (1)
st. petersburg (19)
stara zagora (4)
stare splavy (3)
staroniwa (1)
stei (2)
stoke-on-trent (1)
strazov (1)
strbske pleso (2)
strelcha (1)
strelna (1)
strenge (1)
stropy (1)
stuttgart (1)
subcetate (1)
subotica (26)
sumava mountains (1)
sumperk (1)
surduc pass (1)
sureanu mountains (1)
svaty petr (2)
sverdlovsk (1)
swider (1)
swinoujscie (1)
sydney (5)
szczecin (1)
szczyrk (1)
szeged (1)
szentendre (1)
szentes (1)
szeretfalva (1)
szigetszentmiklós (1)
szklarska poreba (1)
szymanowek (1)
tabor (1)
tallinn (84)
tapolca (1)
targu mures (19)
tarnow (1)
tartu (4)
tata (1)
tatra mountains (11)
tatranska lomnica (2)
taytsy (1)
techirghiol (2)
tel aviv (3)
tel aviv-yaffo (41)
temesvár (1)
teodory (3)
terezin (2)
ternopol (2)
thasos (1)
thessaloniki (48)
tiberia (2)
tikhomirskiy village (1)
timisoara (3)
timisul de jos (2)
tiraspol (2)
tisza (1)
tlalpan (1)
toledo (1)
tomsk (2)
toplita (1)
topolcany (11)
topolniky (3)
torda (5)
tornyosnemeti (1)
toronto (1)
torun (1)
torysa river (1)
trebic (4)
trencianske teplice (5)
trencin (1)
trnava (1)
turbe (1)
turda (4)
tusnad (1)
tusnád (1)
tysmienica (1)
tyumen (1)
ujpest (6)
uman (1)
ural (1)
ustka (5)
uzhgorod (19)
varena (2)
varna (12)
varshets (2)
vasilkov (2)
vaslui (2)
vatra dornei (4)
velichovky (1)
velikiye luki (1)
velingrad (5)
venice (13)
versailles (2)
vésztő (1)
vidin (36)
vienna (13)
vienna woods (1)
viljandi (2)
vilnius (17)
vinkovci (3)
vinnitsa (3)
visegrad (1)
vitebsk (2)
vitebsk (1)
vitosha mountain (10)
vitosha mountain (1)
vizhnitsa (1)
vladaya (2)
vodno (1)
vogozdja (1)
volchansk (2)
vormsi island (1)
voronezh (1)
vorzel (1)
vosu (1)
vratsa (1)
vrnjacka banja (4)
vyhne (1)
vysne ruzbachy (1)
vysoke myto (2)
warsaw (49)
washington (3)
wetter (1)
wieliczka (1)
winston-salem (1)
wisniowa gora (1)
wroclaw (4)
wrzeszcz (1)
wuppertal (1)
xochimilco (1)
yaarot hakarmel (1)
yagur (2)
yakov (1)
yalta (2)
yambol (7)
yessentuki (1)
yevpatoriya (1)
yurmala (6)
zagreb (5)
zakopane (13)
zalaegerszeg (1)
zamosc (3)
zarasai (2)
zawada (2)
zbraslav (2)
zebegény (1)
zelenogorsk (1)
zelezna studnicka (2)
zhitomir (1)
zilina (16)
zlate moravce (6)
zlatni pyasutsi resort – varna (1)
zloty potok (2)
znojmo (2)
zvenigorodka (2)
Family name
- None -
Year / decade taken
- None -
1890 - 1900 (5)
1900 - 1910 (15)
1910 - 1920 (72)
1920 - 1930 (218)
1930 - 1940 (614)
1940 - 1950 (391)
1950 - 1960 (260)
1960 - 1970 (178)
1970 - 1980 (122)
1980 - 1990 (97)
1990 - 2000 (235)
Language of description
- None -
Displaying 1 - 40 of 3545 results
Active filters:
Activities:
At home
Activities:
Vacations & excursions
Activities:
Social, leisure & political activities
Clear all filters
Stelecky
The grandmother of Janina Horowitz
Ester Kleinstein and her family
Ester Kleinstein
Ester Kleinstein
Renee Molho with her family's maid Sterina
Zionists from Zamosc
Residents of Dzisna
A picnic of Mimi-Matilda Petkova's relatives
Tourists in Ruskov-Herlany
Michaela Vidlakova
Boris Vayman’s father
Bogrim group of the Hashomer Hatzair in Bitola
A picnic of some friends of Yako Izidor Yakov
Nagykoros house interior
Matilda Mihaylova's relatives
Mimi-Matilda Petkova's relatives in Paris
Sara Shmakovich and her relatives
Bertha and Hasl Blumberg
Grandfather Shabat with his wife and son
Piroska Goldberger at Lake Balaton
House No. 428/6 in Litomysl before the war
Wacek Kornblum with his relatives
'Teacher' with friends
Studies for girls at the Leningard Polytechnical College
Vacationers at Hamori Lake
Feliks Nieznanowski with a group of young Jews in Dzierzoniow
Alvo Mico with fellow students in Athens for the Baccalaureate exams
Mairy Angel's family
Dead-heads
A friend of Mico Alvo in his first car
A group of friends in the countryside
Oto Konstein with two friends
Wacek Kornblum with his wife Janina Kornblum
Jewish youth in Dzierzoniow
Jewish girls from Fighting Youth Union in Dzierzoniow
Dan Mizrahy as a sportsman
Judita Schvalbova with her parents on a trip
Szulim Rozenberg’s friends
Mariana Farkas with a friend
Pagination
Current page
1
Page
2
Page
3
Page
4
Page
5
Next page
Last page
People
Family and Friends
3221
Studio portraits of couples & families
49
Studio portraits of individuals
48
Informal family snapshots
2363
Friends together
755
Other
135
Social and Political groups
448
Youth and Zionist groups
168
Work colleagues
127
Sport groups
87
Revolutionaries
5
Communist and affiliated organizations
33
Other
109
School related
193
Class portraits
61
Religion related education
4
Schoolmates (high school, university)
113
Other
38
Religious figures
55
Rabbis
45
Cantors
15
Hebrew teachers
1
Other
6
Special categories
454
People dressed in Orthodox fashion
54
Sefardi
415
Other
16
Activities
Religious activities
1102
Religious study
19
Holidays & celebrations
322
Life cycle events
788
Other
41
Work related
663
Working in the office or the store
187
On the farm
64
Other
343
Home & family related
4457
At home
1397
On the street & in the town
1424
Vacations & excursions
1172
At leisure
2713
Other
165
Social, leisure & political activities
1359
Youth group activities
222
Professional & civic meetings
155
At play & leisure with friends
558
On holiday with friends
274
Sport activities
156
Political meetings
39
Other
206
Special categories
14
Antisemitic incidents before and after the Holocaust
1
Other
7
Places
Family and home related
1373
Pictures of homes, apartments & gardens
1308
Other
57
Pictures of schools and workplaces
222
Educational and health institutions
118
Offices
15
Stores
8
Farms
29
Other
51
Jewish related
141
Cemeteries, monuments & memorials
23
Synagogues, shtibels & religion related
10
Jewish community related places
64
Jewish camps & recreational places
16
Other
23
Special categories
1281
Landscapes & countryside
734
City scenes
496
Other
67
Military
Postwar military (all countries)
23
Bulgaria (1878-1940)
7
Austria-Hungary (1867-1918)
6
Soviet Army (1941-1945)
6
Interwar Hungary (1918-1945)
4
Interwar Romania (1918-1940)
4
Interwar Poland (1918-1939)
4
Other
4
Pre-1918 Romania
2
Pre-1918 Serbia
1
Kingdom of Yugoslavia (1918-1941)
1
Pre-1878 Bulgaria
1
Czechoslovakia (1918-1939)
1
Pre-1918 Ottoman Empire
1
Holocaust
Labor brigades & labor camps
6
Jewish POWs during WWII
1
Families who hid Jews
2
Partisans
4
Slave labor factories
3
Ghettos
11
Other
21
Documents
Holocaust related
1
Life cycle documents
4
Educational related documents
3
Personal letters & postcards
1
Military related (medals & citations)
3